A modified version of the SEIR model with the effects of vaccination and inter-state movement is proposed to simulate the spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia. A mathematical analysis of the proposed model was performed to derive the basic reproduction number. To enhance the model’s forecasting capabilities, the model parameters were estimated using the Nelder–Mead simplex method by fitting the model outputs to the observed data. Our results showed a good fit between the model outputs and available data, where the model (...) was then able to perform short-term predictions. In line with the rapid vaccination program, our model predicted that the COVID-19 cases in the country would decrease by the end of August. Furthermore, our findings indicated that relaxing travel restrictions from a highly vaccinated region to a low vaccinated region would result in an epidemic outbreak. (shrink)

The term non-governmental organisations (NGOs) has been well-known for the development of human rights, charity works and organisational developments. On the other hand, some NGOs also have their specialised roles to help the community such as in conflict resolution, cultural preservation, policy analysis and information provision. Apart from that, there are many categories of NGOs: Islamic-oriented non-governmental organisation (IONGOs), faith-based organisation (FBO), humanitarian NGOs (HNGOs) and government organised NGOs (GONGOs). However, in this research, the researchers focus on how IONGOs compare (...) with NGOs in assisting the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community based on four hijrah NGOs: Persatuan Islah Movement, Persatuan Insaf Pahang, Hijrah Republique Network and Usrah Iqrak. These four NGOs were chosen because of their roles in assisting the LGBT community. In this research, the researchers adapt the qualitative research by using a case study method; phenomenological approaches and a document analysis have also been applied as well. The result shows that these four IONGOs are different from the NGOs based on the seven typologies applied: intersection, distinct, substantive, subset, co-existing, atomistic grouping and constitutive. The implications of this article highlight the fact that IONGOs are different from the LGBT NGOs in Malaysia as they focus more on spirituality and an Islamic pathway. Hence, future research should include focus group interviews with all the members in NGOs that assist the LGBT hijrah in the community. Contribution: This study contributes to LGBT hijrah community and its relationship towards the establishment of Islamic-oriented non-governmental organisation (IONGOs). (shrink)

The Farm to Fork (F2F) Strategy at the heart of the European Union’s Green Deal set out to create a “just transition” towards a sustainable food system, with benefits for all actors. We conducted a critical discourse analysis (CDA) to explore discourses around power in the food system and farmers’ position in the communication and implementation of the Farm to Fork Strategy. Discourse analysis encapsulates various scientific methodologies for deciphering the meaning behind the creation and communication of different forms of (...) language and identify power dynamics, amongst other aspects. We identified two prior discourses in one of the objectives of the European Union’s new Common Agricultural Policy (2023-27). Our analysis found that the discourses, namely “rebalance power in food system” and “strengthening farmers’ position in value chains,” are marginalized in favour of an innovation-investment discourse, indicative of greater financialization and technologization based on techno-finances fixes in transforming the European Union agri-food system. We argue that entities representing agri-business interests have been influential in the policymaking process and voices representing smallholder and medium-sized farmers’ transformational discourses have been excluded. (shrink)

Jesper Ryberg and Julian Roberts teach ethics and criminology at Roskilde University and the University of Oxford respectively. In Sentencing and Artificial Intelligence, they have curated a powerf...

PurposeMāori culture is a central aspect inAotearoa/New Zealand's national identity. Beginning in the 1970s biculturalism saw the indigenous culture and values acknowledged and incorporated in wider public discourse and policy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether New Zealand's cyberspace accommodates Māori. It explores how the web space is influenced by biculturalism and in turn what an understanding of this web space can tell us about biculturalism inAotearoa.Design/methodology/approachA brief introduction to biculturalism in New Zealand provides the background to (...) the investigation of the country's web space. Recent access statistics enquire whether Māori are actually connected to the internet. The exploration of the structure of the internet is informed by newspaper articles and online documents relating to the development of two Māori specific second‐level domain name spaces. A word‐frequency analysis within a sample of 21 websites provides an overview into the use of the Māori language in cyberspace.FindingsThe paper shows that although Māori have the lowest access rate to the internet compared to other ethnic groups in New Zealand, their influence on the country's web space is nonetheless far‐reaching. Developments regarding Māori language uses over the last years are generally progressive. Māori culture and ongoing social changes are increasingly accommodated on the internet – Māori have been actively shaping the web space. However, these efforts do require the support and acceptance of the wider Internet community. The linguistic and structural developments taking place online since the mid 1990s were influenced by the bicultural thinking, public discourse and practice of the time.Originality/valueThis paper draws together the Māori success‐stories in their endeavour to assert their cultural needs in New Zealand's cyberspace. It highlights that the understanding ofAotearoaas being a bicultural country influenced developments taking place online potentially will lead to a truly bicultural web space in the near future. (shrink)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantah pernyataan kaum materialisme yang cenderung menolak keberadaan jiwa sebagai dimensi yang penting bagi manusia khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan. Adapun latar belakang masalahnya adalah aliran materialism menyatakan bahwa realitas fisiklah yang hakiki dan kelompok ini juga menolak adanya realitas immateri. Dalam kaitannya dengan pendidikan fisiklah yang berperan secara total dalam proses abstraksi. Dengan pendidikan dimaksudkan dapat menjadikan manusia semakin baik dan mampu meningkatkan ekonomi yang lebih baik pula. Disamping itu, Pendidikan kaum borjuis disebut sebagai proses (...) produksi, yakni memproduksi pengetahuan, manusia yang bisa mereka gunakan dalam kehidupan kapitalisme. Tujuan pendidikan semacam ini akan mereduksi makna pendidikan sebagai sarana untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan potensi yang dimiliki manusia. Potensi ruhaniah manusia akan terlupakan dan tidak penting untuk dikembang dengan maksimal. Oleh karenanya penulis menyanggah argumen diatas menggunakan pemikiran Ikhwan AL-Shafa yang menyatakan bahwa pendidikan pada dasarnya adalah proses aktualisasi potensi-potensi jiwa yang bertujuan untuk mendekatkan diri kepada sang pencipta. Jika keberhasilan pendidikan materialisme diukur dengan berhasilnya seseorang dalam peningkatan kualitas sosial dan meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya sedangkan keberhasilan pendidikan menurut Ikhwan Al-Shafa adalah apabila manusia mampu mencerminkan akhlak yang mulia dan semakin dekat dengan tuhannya. Metode yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitan ini adalah metode deskriptif dan analaisis dengan mengacu pada sumber-sumber primer Rasail Ikhwan Al-Shafa dan sekunder yang terkait dengan penelitian ini. Kesimpulan penelitaian ini adalah pendidikan tidak bisa dilepaskan dengan aspek immateri berupa jiwa yang mana segala potensi yang terdapat pada manusia bersumber pada potensi jiwa, selain itu jiwa juga menjadi penggerak raga dalam melaksanakan setiap aktifitasnya. Dengan demikian, jiwalah yang menjadi dasar dalam pendidikan manusia bukan berbasis pada materi. (shrink)

Abstrak (Indonesian): Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat lebih jauh terhadap proses riset ilmiah dalam keilmuan Islam dari kacamata Program riset Imre Lakatos. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode kepustakaan atau library research yakni menelusuri tulisan-tulisan yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan tema yang diangkat baik berupa buku maupun artikel-artikel terbaru yang relevan. Hasil dari penelitian ditemukan bahwa Program riset ilmiah Imre lakatos merupakan hasil dari pengembangan pendahulunya yakni falsifikasi Popper dan revolusi Ilmiah Thomas Kuhn. Falsifikasi Popper dengan membuktikan kesalahan teori (...) dibantah oleh Kuhn dengan konsep paradigma dan revolusi ilmiah. Jika falsifikasi membuang teori yang terbukti kesalahannya maka revolusi ilmiah menjadikan paradigma lama (teori ter-falsifikasi) sebagai pijakan untuk menemukan kebenaran baru (paradigma baru) Riset Ilmiah ini memiliki tiga elemen penting: 1) hard-core, merupakan inti dari sebuah riset yang tidak bisa diganggu; 2) protective-belt, yang berusaha untuk melindungi hard-core supaya tidak tereliminasi: dan 3) a series of theory, yang memuat teori yang saling berkaitan dan akan melahirkan teori yang baru. Dalam keilmuan Islam juga berlaku peristiwa serupa, bedanya dalam keilmuan Islam sekompleks apa pun permasalahannya, hard-core tidak akan pernah bisa tergantikan. Berbeda dengan program riset Lakatos yang menyesuaikan dengan konteks permasalahan. Salah satu buah dari konsep Lakatos adalah hadirnya paradigma Integrasi-Interkoneksi yang digagas oleh Amin Abdullah di UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Tujuannya ingin menghubungkan ilmu agama dengan ilmu-ilmu lainnya tentu dengan melaksanakan riset-riset. Karena dalam Islam hard-core (Al-qur’an dan Hadist) berlaku selamanya untuk semua permasalahan hidup, maka sangat mungkin hard-core Islam di lakukan koneksi dengan ilmu lainnya untuk menemukan solusi atas permasalahan yang akan datang. (shrink)

Environmental sustainability is one of the contemporary discourses that has abundant values embedded in the Quran and Sunnah teachings. Islam gives great emphasis on environment as it is preserved and protected under the Maqasid al-Shariah. The general outlook of Quranic paradigm on utilizing natural environment is based on prohibition of aggression and misuse. It is likewise founded on the construction and sustainable use. Thus, this article attempts to elaborate key concepts of the Quran and Sunnah teachings that reveal imperative values (...) for environmental sustainability. Research method employs in this paper is an analytical study of Quranic verses with special highlights of tafsir bi al-ma’thur, tafsir bi al-ra’yi, and historical narrative. In short, this paper brings to light the relevance of classical and contemporary works of Quran and Sunnah studies that have meticulous values for shaping the better world of human–nature’s interaction. (shrink)

The past decade has seen major movements and mobilizations against the new crop of bilateral free trade and investment agreements being pursued by governments in the wake of the failure of global (World Trade Organization) and regional (e.g. Free Trade Area of the Americas) negotiations, and the defeat of an attempted Multilateral Agreement on Investment in the 1990s. However, in spite of much scholarly, non-governmental organization (NGO) and activist focus on transnational global justice activism, many of these movements, such as (...) the major multi-sectoral popular struggle over the recently-concluded US-Korea Free Trade Agreement, are hardly acknowledged in North America and Europe. With a shift in emphasis pushing liberalization and deregulation of trade and investment increasingly favouring lower-profile bilateral agreements, this article maps the resistance movements to these latest shifts in global free market capitalist relations and discusses the disconnect between these (mainly Southern) struggles and dominant scholarly and NGO conceptions of global justice and the global justice movement as well as questions of knowledge production arising from these movements. (shrink)

Contemporary Islamic management scholars have agreed that values are embedded in quality management. Their agreement is grounded on the famous prophetic tradition encouraging diligence in work, uttered more than 1400 years ago, which has been narrated authentically. However, little studies have specifically indicated its application in quality management activities. As quality management is initiated in the West, little attention has been given to Islamic perspective of the discipline. However, as the Japanese had successfully implemented quality management in their cultural value (...) perspective, many parties come to acknowledge the significance of values. In the literature, various Islamic values have been linked to quality management practice. While studies analyzing and categorizing them is limited, several values are redundant or being termed differently, though they are similar in crux. This article compiles the values and categorizes them depending on similar bases of Quranic verses or Prophetic traditions. The categorization proposes a set of Islamic values related to quality management practice, based on a simple frequency analysis matrix. Finally, this article concludes with prospects for future research. (shrink)

Conceptual analysis is one of the notions undergoing dramatic changes during Wittgenstein's intermediate period. There's an aspect of such changes which might prove characteristic of the new directions taken by Wittgenstein's thought after 1929: it is the notion of complete analysis. We believe that Wittgenstein's treatment of this notion is also an interesting indication of new concerns generated by the "new method" itself, in terms of its radical openness to dialogism and its anti-dogmatism. Our aim here will be to explore (...) a couple of hints as to why this can be so. (shrink)

A mudança da concepção do critério geral da significação que tinha Wittgenstein no seu período intermediário para a concepção dos critérios de significação do seu período posterior justifica que se fale numa correlativa mudança na aplicabilidade do conceito de ‘uso’. Acompanhar esta mudança é importante para se caracterizar o âmbito do pragmático tal como Wittgenstein o concebe, e bem assim o tipo de investigação sobre os fundamentos do simbolismo linguístico e sobre a ligação entre linguagem e mundo que esse filósofo (...) advoga como adequada. Este artigo pretende circunscrever algumas das novas questões que, no período intermediário de Wittgenstein , conduziriam a tal mudança conceptual. (shrink)

This article seeks to investigate the integration between political economy and religion offered in the forum Religion of Twenty (R20). The idea of R20 forum by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is one of the ideas to unite perceptions between countries and religions. It is based on the phenomenon of the global economy which has begun to be disrupted by conflicts and wars in several countries. Various wars by the superpowers have had implications for disrupting economic stability. Thus, the role of religion (...) in terms of world peace also contributes to the success of global economic stability. In further analysis, this article refers to Ibn Khaldun, Al-Ghazali, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill’s political economy to answer how is the relationship between religion and world peace in economic development? And what role does the R20 forum play in integrating political economy and religion for global economic development? The findings in this article indicate that the sources of political economy in R20 are a means of integrating its patterns in line with the values and essence of religious teachings. (shrink)

Resumo: A concepção moderna de literatura idealizou a linguagem literária como um jogo de linguagem à parte dos demais, uma dimensão do sentido que seria "poética", não parafraseável nos seus sentidos figurados, incomensurável relativamente à linguagem ordinária. O romantismo instituiu como o valor literário central uma idéia de autenticidade, fundada no mentalismo introspectivo. Contrapondo-se à concepção de linguagem como expressão mentalista, corrente no romantismo, muitos formalistas situam o significado como intrínseco à estrutura da linguagem, e atribuem ao uso literário da (...) linguagem um peculiar caráter polissêmico. É como se, para rejeitar a mimese clássica da duplicação da natureza e a mimese interior expressivista, houvesse que esvaziar de sentido o problema da relação entre linguagem e mundo. Um dos pontos chave da defesa da autonomia da linguagem literária através da afirmação de sua polissemia peculiar tem sido a refutação da aplicabilidade da noção de intencionalidade. No entanto, trata-se de questões diversas. Oferece-se um contra-argumento à tese central de "A falácia Intencional" , de Wimsatt e Beardsley. O Gedankenexperiment do poema encontrado nas areias da praia não é adequado para ilustrar um argumento antiintencionalista porque pressupõe o que pretende negar, velando os critérios de aplicação dos verbos de comunicação . Estes critérios apontam para a intencionalidade, e para o espaço extratextual.: the modern conception of literature idealized literary language as language game different from others, a "poetic" dimension of sense, non-paraphrasable in its figurative senses, incommensurable as regards the ordinary language. Romanticism sets as its central value an idea of authenticity, founded on an introspective mentalism. As a counterpoint to the concept of language as a mentalist expression, present in romanticism, many formalists thought meaning as intrinsic to the structure of language, ascribing a peculiar polissemic character to the literary use of language. It is as if, in order to reject the classic mimesis of the duplication of nature as well as the inner mimesis of expressivism, one should void of sense the problem of the relation between language and world. One of the key points of the defense of literary language's autonomy through the avowal of its peculiar polissemy has been the refutation of the applicability of the notion of intentionality. However, these are diverse questions. A counter argument is offered to the central thesis of Wimsatt and Beardsley's "the Intentional Fallacy" . The Gedankenexperiment of the poem found on the beach sand is not adequate as an illustration of an anti-intentionalist argument because it presupposes what it sets itself to deny, veiling the criteria of application of communication verbs . These criteria point intentionality, and to the extra-textual space. (shrink)

This book explores the ethical and governance concerns of stem cell technology, taking a comparative approach between countries of differing socio-economic status. The book provides a typology of different stem cell types and discusses key ethical issues surrounding the use of human stem cells in research. Topics covered include the moral status of human embryos, various religious perspectives, and the challenges posed by unproven stem cell interventions. The book also examines the existing governance frameworks in the UK, Singapore, and Malaysia, (...) identifying the laws, guidelines, and advisory bodies established to address the identified ethical issues. Applicable lessons on establishing robust regulatory frameworks, fostering public trust, and ensuring responsible research practices are outlined. By providing a comparative analysis of the interplay between ethics, governance, and the socio-economic contexts of these three commonwealth countries, this book will interest health law, research ethics and bioethics scholars. (shrink)

PORTUGUESE: A experiência conceptualizada colhe os seus critérios de dizibilidade pública no contexto da experiência sentida de pessoas, e a noção de prática marca o âmbito desses limites, em conexão tensa com a autonomia do simbolismo linguístico. Tal é a hipótese deste livro, que se junta assim a um debate sobre o sentido da objetividade. O livro articula uma leitura das Investigações filosóficas (1953) como uma expansão do espaço lógico de possibilidades de sentido ou do significado proposicional do Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (...) (1922) para considerar a lógica da experiência sentida do significado em geral. Essa lógica é então ainda pensada nas suas condições de possibilidade, mas vistas como “impuras”, ancoradas em gestos contingentes e contextuais, ou em acordos no nível de uma forma de vida, não apenas em regras de uso da linguagem. A tática dessa estratégia foi tomar um dito anotado nos Cadernos (1916), “A lógica deve cuidar de si própria”, e transformá-lo numa função, “x deve cuidar de si própria”, trocando x por linguagem nos anos 1930 e prática nos anos 1940. Assim buscou Wittgenstein “fazer justiça aos fatos” (Remarks on Frazer’s Golden Bough) da experiência sentida do significado, a um tempo ancorada na vida humana e ligada a relações modais. Não se trata aqui de um argumento propriamente dito mas, antes, do desenho de um pano de fundo para o exame de alguns dos conceitos operatórios do Wittgenstein tardio, tais como ‘relações intermediárias’, ‘regras/prática’, ‘espírito/objetividade’, ‘certeza/prática’, etc.; e também para o exame de perspectivas de leitura, tais como a dialógica e a do ‘álbum de família’. // ENGLISH: Conceptualized experience gathers its criteria for public meaning in the context of the felt experience of persons, and the notion of praxis marks the scope of these limits, in tense connection with the autonomy of linguistic symbolism. This is the hypothesis with which this book joins the debate on the meaning of objectivity. The book articulates a reading of the Philosophical Investigations (1953) as an expansion of the logical space of possibilities of sense or propositional meaning of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922) to consider the logic of the felt experience of meaning in general. This logic is then still thought of in its conditions of possibility, but seen as “impure”, anchored in contingent and contextual gestures, or agreements at the level of a form of life, not just in rules of language usage. The tactic of this strategy was to take a saying from the Notebooks (1916), “Logic must take care of itself”, and turn it into a function, “x must take care of itself”, switching x for language in the 1930s and practice in the 1940s. Thus, Wittgenstein sought to “do justice to the facts” (Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough) of the felt experience of meaning, as this experience is at once grounded in human life and yet bound by modal relations. This is not intended as an argument per se but rather as a background against which to examine some of Wittgenstein's operative concepts (such as aspect, intermediate relations, rules/practice, spirit/objectivity, certainty/practice, etc.) and reading perspectives (such as the dialogical and “family album” readings). -/- . (shrink)

On Islamic ethics according to Hamka, an Indonesian ulama and writer.

Sanayi devrimi sonrası Avrupa Devletleri’nde üretimin artması, yeni pazar ve hammadde ihtiyacını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu ihtiyacın giderilebilmesi için sanayi ürünlerinin ve üretim araçlarının tanıtılması amacı ile uluslararası sergiler düzenlenmeye başlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu sergilerle ülkelerin bilim, sanayi, teknoloji ve tarım alanındaki gelişme ve yeniliklerinin herkese duyurulması amaçlanmıştır. Öncülüğünü Fransa ve İngiltere’nin yaptığı sanayi sergileri, ilgili ülkelerin sömürgelerinden gelen hammadde ve bu hammaddelerden üretilen sanayi ürünlerinin pazarlanmasına yönelik olarak yapılmıştır. Başlangıçta sanayi ve ticari amaçla başlatılan sergiler, Avrupa ile Avrupa dışında bulunan (...) devletlerin kültür ve yerel sanatları arasında, etkileşime de sebep olmuştur. 18. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren Fransa'da ulusal düzeyde ve 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında çeşitli Avrupa ülkelerinde düzenlenen benzer olayların doruk noktası olan Londra sergisi ilk uluslararası sergi olarak kayda geçmiştir. 1851 yılında Londra’da açılan sergi bundan sonra düzenlenen diğer uluslararası sergilere de ilham kaynağı olmuştur. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Defining the Subject The Scope of Philosophy in the Islamic Context Sources and Legacy The Political Orientation of Islamic Philosophy Some Salient Themes The Great Debate Alternative Traditions Concluding Comment Works cited.

This research investigates the growing impact of virtual currencies, with a specific focus on how Bitcoin, a leading digital currency, influences gold prices. It delves into the evolving role of Bitcoin in the traditional financial sphere, examining its effect on gold, a classical asset and a benchmark of economic stability. Through this study, we aim to understand the nuances of this unique interaction and its implications for the broader financial landscape. This paper presents an in-depth case study that examines the (...) correlations and potential causal relationships between the volatility in virtual currency markets and gold price fluctuations, a traditional indicator of economic stability and a renowned safe-haven asset, with a particular focus on the period encompassing the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a range of econometric methods, including time-series analysis and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, this research analyzes historical price data from the past decade, with a special emphasis on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic alongside other key geopolitical events and macroeconomic factors, to elucidate the interplay between these distinct asset classes. (shrink)

Researchers on gender and ethical decision-making have recently emphasized the differences between men's and women's ethical perceptions. This study is concerned with the perceptions of salespeople working in clothing and medical equipment sectors in Turkey. It regards the perceptions of colleagues of opposing genders in ethically questionable situations. The evaluation of salespeople's responses for 14 ethical scenarios indicates that there is no significant difference in ethical perception based on gender. Each gender predicted that their counterpart's response would be the same (...) as their own. The study also examined the effects of some demographic factors as well as the firm's sector on the salespeople's ethical perceptions and found that there are both differences and similarities in detail between genders of salespeople within ethically questionable situations. (shrink)

After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and the Bali bombing on October 12, 2002, Islamic schools in Southeast Asia have become a focus of international attention (Hefner, 2009), includi...

Translation and transliteration of Islamic classic manuscripts from Riau and Sumatera Barat.

Die Reihe Islamkundliche Untersuchungen wurde 1969 im Klaus Schwarz Verlag begründet und hat sich zu einem der wichtigsten Publikationsorgane der Islamwissenschaft in Deutschland entwickelt. Die über 330 Bände widmen sich der Geschichte, Kultur und den Gesellschaften Nordafrikas, des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens sowie Zentral-, Süd- und Südost-Asiens.